Effects of ischemic preconditioning on neuromuscular and biochemichal variables in paralímpicos athlets during a detraining period: Study protocol

IPC in the prevention of detraining

Abstract

Background: Ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) is one of the forms of imposing this ischemia, alternating complete vascular occlusion and reperfusion before exercise, to pre-condition varied physiological functions. In the sporting context, there are moments when an athlete interrupts his physical activities, resulting in a reduction in strength and muscle mass. Accordingly, a hypothesis arises that the IPC will be able to reduce training effects, speeding up the process of the athlete's return to his sporting activities. Objective: To evaluate the effects of IPC on various neuromuscular forces (isometric force, explosive force and electromyography) and markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage (Creatine Kinase, Malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity), in paralympic athletes, subject to periods of discontinuity from training loads. Methods: The sample will be composed of 38 young adult athletes (20 to 40 years old), of both sexes, who will compete in competitions at a national level in their own way. These will be randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental (IPCG: n = 19), and control (CG: n = 19). The GIPC will be subject to 4 weeks of IPC twice a day (40 weeks). Both groups will be validated before, and after 2 and 4 weeks of surgery, as regards: body composition, lower limb strength, explosive strength and electromyography (EMG), as well as biochemical markers Creatine Kinase (CK), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (CAT). These data will be analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS - 25.0). Initially, we will test the normality (Shapiro-Wilk test), homogeneity (Levene test) and sphericity (Mauchly test) of the data, followed by ANOVA (repeat tests) to analyze the effects of the protocols, before and after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention followed Bonferroni's post hoc tests, adopting a significance level of P  0.05, in all analyses. Expected results: We hope that the GIPC intervention will alleviate or inhibit the reduction of strength and muscular hypotrophy in our athletes during the period of discontinuation of training loads.

Background: Ischemic pre-conditioning (IPC) is one of the forms of imposing this ischemia, alternating complete vascular occlusion and reperfusion before exercise, to pre-condition varied physiological functions. In the sporting context, there are moments when an athlete interrupts his physical activities, resulting in a reduction in strength and muscle mass. Accordingly, a hypothesis arises that the IPC will be able to reduce training effects, speeding up the process of the athlete's return to his sporting activities. Objective: To evaluate the effects of IPC on various neuromuscular forces (isometric force, explosive force and electromyography) and markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage (Creatine Kinase, Malondialdehyde and antioxidant capacity), in paralympic athletes, subject to periods of discontinuity from training loads. Methods: The sample will be composed of 38 young adult athletes (20 to 40 years old), of both sexes, who will compete in competitions at a national level in their own way. These will be randomly divided into 2 groups: experimental (IPCG: n = 19), and control (CG: n = 19). The GIPC will be subject to 4 weeks of IPC twice a day (40 weeks). Both groups will be validated before, and after 2 and 4 weeks of surgery, as regards: body composition, lower limb strength, explosive strength and electromyography (EMG), as well as biochemical markers Creatine Kinase (CK), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant capacity (CAT). These data will be analyzed in the Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS - 25.0). Initially, we will test the normality (Shapiro-Wilk test), homogeneity (Levene test) and sphericity (Mauchly test) of the data, followed by ANOVA (repeat tests) to analyze the effects of the protocols, before and after 2 and 4 weeks of intervention followed Bonferroni's post hoc tests, adopting a significance level of P  0.05, in all analyses. Expected results: We hope that the GIPC intervention will alleviate or inhibit the reduction of strength and muscular hypotrophy in our athletes during the period of discontinuation of training loads.